Joseph h



(No Mdel.)

J.' H. CAMPBELL.

VAPOR ENGINE.

Nuo. 337,373. Pa. e111; Yd Mar. 9, 1886-.

ISNVNN N. PETERS. Pncromhugmplmr. wnmngxm D, c.

. NTTED STATES PATENT trice.

JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL, OF NEW YORK, N; Y., ASSIGNOR OF THBEE=EIGHTHS TO CHARLES H. CAMPBELL AND JAMES MCLAIN, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

VAPOR-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION' forming part of Letters Patent No. 337.373, dated March 9, 1886g I Application tiled July E27, 1885. Serial No. 172,777. (No model.)

lb @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J osnPH H. CAMPBELL, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at New York, in thelcounty of New York and State 5 of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor Engines, .of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

1o My present invention is designed as an improvement on the method of utilizing aquaarnmonia as motive power in engines shown, described, and claimed in an application for a patent iiled by me June 11, 1885, Serial No.

My invention therefore consists iu devices for driving off the ammoniacal vapor from the boiler and permitting it to escape below the surface of the liquid in the reservoir, thereby 2o securing the absorption of the vapor, andconsequently the heat developed by the absorption, to superheat the vapor in the reservoir.

My invention consists, further, in the arrangement of pipes and valves leading from 2 5 the pump to the reservoir and boiler, that the liquid may be delivered in either, and thereby the tension of the vapor controlled or regulated.

My invention consist-s, further, in devices for 3o heating the cylinder and superheating the working-vapor therein by bringing the eX- haustvapor of the engine in contact witliua cooled weak solution of the liquid around the cylinder, and to correspondingly cool the liq- 3 5 uid heated by the absorbing process prior to its entrance into the absorber, the cylinder thus acting as an auxiliary to the absorber.

My invention consists, further, in certain details of construction, which will be fullyde- .1,0 scribed hereinafter, and pointed out vin the claims. y

In the drawing I have shown a longitudinal View, partly in section, of the boiler, reservoir, cylinder, cooler, absorber, pump, and

45 ,valves which constitute my machine or plant, the several parts and functions of which I will now describe in detail.

A indicates the boiler, which may be of any suitable or desirable construction, and it is 5o connected to and communicates ,with the reservoir B by means of the pipe C, said vpipe being provided with a plug-valve, a, and is designed to transfer the aqua-arnmonia from the boiler to the reservoir, or vice versa, according to the required pressure or tension.'

Bis the dynamical reservoir and superheater, the upper portion of said chamber being the superheater and the lower portion the dynamical reservoir.

D is a pipe leading from the upper portion 6o or vapor-space of the boiler to the reservoir B, said pipe entering through the bottom of the reservoir and extending up into the same, where it is bent into a return-curve, so as to discharge the vapor below the surface of the 65 liquid contained in the reservoir. The pipe D is provided with a check-valve, c, to prevent the liquid in the reservoir from being forced back into the boiler when the pressure of 'the reservoir is in excess of that inthe 7o boiler. This valve c opens upward, so as to allow of the free passage of the vapor from the boiler to the reservoir.

l 'Ihe object of discharging the expelled vapor into the reservoir below the surface of the 75 liquid is to comply with the conditions of ab` sorption--viz., bringing the liquid and vapor in contact. If the vapor were discharged above the surface of the liquid in the reservoir, since water will not transmit the radiant 8c heat of steam and the diatherrnancy oifarnmog niacal vapor is only 1.1195, (air bein'g'.1,) a no'ndiatherrnic diaphragm is formed-'by the heated surface of the liquid, which not only prevents the heat from passing down into the 8 5 reservoir, but also acts as a. barrier to prevent the re-solution of the expelled vapor with the liquid in the reservoir; consequently the heat 'of absorption is not generated to superheat the vapor in the reservoir. The boiler'go A is also connected to the reservoir Vby the' pipe E, which extends up into the vaporspace of the reservoir and returns by a series of coils, d, down to or near the water-line, andy. then straight through the liquid and bottom of the reservoir B.

The object of coiling the pipe E in the'vapor-space is to increase its heating-surfaceto superheat the vapor, so that thevtension @ofl the vaponthereiu contained can be raisedjto'rooY the proper working-pressure without materially changing the temperaturen of the fluidin IAO the reservoir; and, furthermore, the liquid in its passage'th rough the coil gives oi a certain amount of its heat to the liquid and vapor in the reservoir, thereby becoming partiallyV cooled before entering the cooler F.

The pipeE, after passing through Vthe bottom of the reservoir B, is coiled, as shown at e, said coil being inclosed in a chamber, F, which is supplied with cold water by means of the pipcf. The object of thus cooling the weak solution of aqua-ammonia which passes through the pipe is to restore its absorptive power before it is brought into contact with the exhaust-vapor.

The pipe E is provided with a valve, G, of the well-known type ofsafetyvalves, the head of said valve being provided with an elbowlever, H, having a weight, I, on its horizontal arm, said weight being adapted to be adjusted on said arm, so as to-hold the valve open and allow of the free passage of the hot liquid from the boiler to the coils of the pipe E in the reservoir B.

The vertical arm of the lever passes up in- 'tb a stufiingbox, K,which is connected to the reservoir- B by a pipe, L, so that' when the pressure in the reservoir rises above the desired point it causes the valve G to close and shut off the ilow of the hot liquid from the boiler A to the reservoir B through that portion of the pipe E until the vapor-pressure in the latter is reduced to the proper workingpoint.

`In order to maintain under boiler-pressure 4a constant supply ofthe weak cooled solution suiiicient to absorb the exhaust-vapor from the engine, a pipe, M, is connected to that part of the pipe E which is between the safety-valve and the boiler, so that when the valve G closes and cuts off the supply of'hot liquid through the pipe and coil within the reservoir the valve g may be opened and the liquid allowed to iiow uninterruptedly from the boiler through the coil ein the cooler F by way of the pipe M.

N is a pipe provided with a throttle-valve, 7i, which connects the reservoir B with the cylinderV O, through which pipe the propel'y amount of vapor is admitted to work the piston Aof the cylinder, the exhaust-Vapor from the cylinder being carried up through thel pipe P, where it meets with the cold weak so'- lution from the boiler, as will now be dell scribed.

The pipe E, after leaving the cooler F, ex'- 1 `tends upward some considerable distance above the cylinder, where, by means of a T- joint, it is connected to the pipe Q `in a nozzle l p The pipe R is also 1 connected to the upper ed of the pipe Q, by j means of the elbow-joint k, so that the ex-` or contracted portion, 'L'.

.the vapor entering the cylinder at 19.5 temperature and let down through the cylinder by expansion is exhausted at 40, which depression would be further increased by an earlier cutoff within the cylinder. By the above process the body of the cylinder can alwaysbe maintained at a temperature of 150, however 'low the temperature of the exhaust may be.

I will remark in this connection that the cold weak solution is sprayed into the upper end of the pipe Q under boiler-pressure, and carries with it the exhaust'vapor from the pipe P, said vapor being readily absorbed in the liquid, by reason ot its reduced temperature, and by reason of its being sprayed or forced into mechanical union with the vapor by the pressure from the boiler.

S is a pipe of smaller diameter than thepipe E, and communicates therewith by means of the T-joint, thelower end of said pipe S being connected to a pipe, T, leading to the "absorber V.4

W is a pipe leading from the jacketed space of the cylinder to the absorber V, through which the liquid is passed to the absorber after having done its work in heating the cylinder.

As before stated, the exhaust-vapor from the cylinder which has passed up through the pipe P and been mingled with the cold weak solution coming over from the boiler through the pipe E is forced down underpressure into the jacketed 'space of the cylinder. where it gives off its heat to keep the cylinder at the proper working temperature. This,as a natural consequence, after working for some time, raises the temperature in the jacketed space to such an extent as to revaporize a portion of the absorbed vapor; and in order to prevent the back-pressure of the vapor thus disengaged from interfering with the proper working of the piston I connect the jacketed space ofthe cylinder with the pipe S. leading to the absorber, by means ofthe pipe A. This arrangement enables the vapor formed in the jacketed space to pass out and be brought into contact with the cold weak solution in the pipe S, where the vapor is absorbed and passes down into 'the absorbing-chamber V. 1In case a greater amount of cold solution than can pass through the pipe S `is required to absorb the Vvapor from the cylinder, I conneet the pipe E with the `pipe T by means of the pipe 'B'.

IIO

p Th'isyenables me to bring the i' requisite "amount of cold solution into Contact with the vapor from the jacketed space to eil'ectacomplete absorption of the vapor. The absorber V is supplied with the requisite amount of water to cool the liquid by means of the pipe f, which also supplies the cooler F. The vapor-liquid, after leaving the absorber V, is forced back into the boiler A or reservoir B, through the pipes C' D', by means ofthe pump E', the pipes C and D'being provided with valves a b', respectively, which enables the operator to admit the solution into either the boiler or the reservoir. This is an important feature of my invention,'as it enables the operator to increase or decrease the tension in both boiler and reservoir as occasion may require.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

l generating the vapor and a dynamical reserreservoir being provided with a coiled pipe leading from the boiler for superheating the vapor in the reservoir, and a Valve located in the path of the pipe leading to and connecting voir, such as described, for receivingthe vapor, said reservoir being partly lled with aquaammonia, theboiler and reservoir being connected by a pipe, C, whereby the quantity of liquid in either the boiler or reservoir is regulated.

4. In an aqua-ammonia engine, a boiler for generating the vapor and a dynamical reservoir, such as described, for receiving the vapor from the boiler, said reservoir being` provided with a coiled pipe leading from the boiler, whereby the vapor in the reservoir is superheated, as set forth.

5. In an aqua-ammonia engine, a boiler for generating the vapor, adynamical reservoir for receiving the vapor fromthe boiler, said with the reservoir, whereby the supply of liquid passing through said pipe and the heat in the reservoir is automatically regulated, as set forth.

6. In an ammonia-engine, a boiler for generating the vapor, a'dynainical reservoir for receiving the vapor from the boiler, and a pipe leading from the boiler through the reservoir to the exhaust from the cylinder, whereby the exhaust-vapor from the cylinder is absorbed by the weak solution from the boiler under boiler-pressure.

7. In an ammonia-engine the workingcylinder of which is jacketed to receive the eX- haust-Vapor from the cylinder, a pipe leading from the boiler to the jacketed space of the cylinder, through which the weak solution from the boiler is conveyed to the jacketed space to absorb the exhaust-vapor, whereby the heat of absorption is utilized to maintain a proper working temperature in the cylinder, asset forth.

8. In an ammonia-engine the cylinder of which is jacketed, as described, to receive the exhaust from the cylinder, a pipe leading from the top of the jacketed space to and communieating with the liquidpipe from the boiler, whereby an induced current is maintained, to free the jacketed space of vapor and to prevent back-pressure on the piston.

9. In an am1noniaengine-a boiler forgenerating the vapor and a dynamical reservoir-,such as described, partially filled with aquavammonia, for receiving and superheating the vapor from the boiler, in combination with the pipe N and cylinder O, as set forth.

10. In an ammoniaengine, the pipe E, havi-ng a branch or switch pipe, M, connecting the bent portions of the pipe E outside of the reservoir, in combination with the Valve G, whereby a constant boilerpressure is maintaihed on the liquid which absorbs the exhaustvapor from the cylinder when the valve G closes the pipe E, as set forth.

11. The pipes C and D', provided with the valves A and b', in combination with the pump E', whereby the liquid can be directed into the boiler or reservoir, as set forth.

A In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH H. CAMPBELL.

Witnesses:

N. D. ADAMS, J AMES McLAIN. 

